NO MORE TELEGRAM
We have all been reading a number of articles in various newspapers on the sad end to a wonderful means of communication, the ‘Telegram’ and the telegraph service.
The telegraph service was established in India in 1853. However, it all began in 1839 when Dr. William Oshaugh-nessy, an Assistant Surgeon to the Bengal Medical establishment of the East India Company, laid the first telegraph line in India from the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta.
As always happens, this novel idea too met with its fair share of opposition from people who were indifferent to it and even the authorities too were not very encouraging. Sanction, however, came from the latter almost twelve years later and as a result, the line between Calcutta and Kedgree was declared open in 1950. This speaks volumes of the pioneering efforts, that in 4 years this system was considered sufficiently established to be opened to the public.
Later, Dr. William Oshaugh-nessy, who took a keen interest in telegraphy, developed a new system and laid wires between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour, a distance of about 21 miles. Officially, this is considered to be the inaugural telegraph line in the country; it was the year 1853. The centenary celebrations were held in November 1963. Farther North, another line was laid between Agra and Calcutta in 1854. The year 1865 is a landmark in the history of the telegraph service because England and India were connected by this remarkable new system.
In 1859, a school was opened for the training of young men in telegraphy. Since the Morse Code was in English, a large number of Anglo-Indian and English-knowing Indians joined the telegraph service.
Morse Code which was used in the transmission of signals consists of dots and dashes in different combinations. For example, one dot and a dash represents the letter ‘A’ and two dots side by side represents the latter ‘I’, three dots represents the letter ‘S’ etc. This system became useful for transmission of telegrams quickly and to far away places.
The telegraph key/tapper consisted of a brass lever mounted on a wooden base and a receiver called the Duburn Sounder and it worked on electricity from a battery or power source connected to the apparatus. By the up and down movement of the key, the lever on the top of the sounder moves with a make and break in the circuit, thus the codes were used for transmission. The telegraphists were nick-named ‘Brass Beaters’ because they tapped the brass lever of the key in order to transmit the telegram.
The charges for the transmission of a telegram varied from time to time. Greeting telegrams were also introduced with various phrases for all occasions to help the public and the charges were reduced for these. It was also the quickest way to send death and congratulatory messages to friends and family.
On a personal note, I would like to mention here with immense pride that four of the members of my family (including myself) served the P&T Department (some members served between 1927 and 1996). My father James Rodrigues joined the postal service in 1928 as a clerk in the post office located in Halladakeri. He was paid Rs. 8 and later Rs. 10 as a monthly salary and later became a signaller with an increase of Rs. 2 after training. He was happy with the white collared job.
The transmission of telegrams was chiefly looked after by the Postal Wing for several decades. Later, the telegraph service was extended to large cities and Postal Department continued to look after the transmission and delivery of telegrams in smaller town post offices. In 1943-44, several postal clerks, signallers, telegraphists and jamedars volunteered their services during Word War II on the Burma front, Italy and Middle East.
Around 1950, the transmission of telegrams from the Head Post Office was taken over by the CTO Wing which became an independent wing after bifurcation and several smaller towns connected with Morse facility were joined to it. The main office began to expand and improve down the years. Teleprinters were gradually introduced in the department like ‘Siemens’ (German model), ‘Creed (British), ‘Olivitti’ (Italian) and finally ‘Hindustan’ teleprinters (Madras) to help in quick transmission of messages and even lenghty press messages without much strain.
Messages conveying ‘Death’, ‘Serious’ or ‘Start immediately’ followed by a reason of urgency were given top priority. Even press messages were given priority. Press correspondents who handed in their reports were of a very friendly nature, especially Krishna Vattam, who is known to me since several years, stands tall among them. The number of telegrams slowly increased due to several factories and business establishments that were on the rise and thus thousands of telegrams were handled everyday.
Talking in terms of the number of telegrams handled per day reminds me of the highest number of telegrams received and transmitted at CTO, Mysore, as I recall being on duty that day, was on the day of the marriage of Princess Gayathri Devi, which added to the already large number of regular marriage telegrams during the marriage season. Several thousands, both inland and foreign telegrams, used to be handled by the dedicated staff under the Superintendent in-charge.
However, with the introduction of computers, FAX etc., the entire Morse code lines were removed in January 1997, a year after I retired from service. At the turn of the millennium with the coming of other gadgets like the cell phone, with its SMS and the internet, with its e-mail sounded a death knell to the telegraph service. It is a great pity that this public service should come to an end, after having served in the Department for several years. I can only offer a ‘silent tear.’
We have all been reading a number of articles in various newspapers on the sad end to a wonderful means of communication, the ‘Telegram’ and the telegraph service.
The telegraph service was established in India in 1853. However, it all began in 1839 when Dr. William Oshaugh-nessy, an Assistant Surgeon to the Bengal Medical establishment of the East India Company, laid the first telegraph line in India from the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta.
As always happens, this novel idea too met with its fair share of opposition from people who were indifferent to it and even the authorities too were not very encouraging. Sanction, however, came from the latter almost twelve years later and as a result, the line between Calcutta and Kedgree was declared open in 1950. This speaks volumes of the pioneering efforts, that in 4 years this system was considered sufficiently established to be opened to the public.
Later, Dr. William Oshaugh-nessy, who took a keen interest in telegraphy, developed a new system and laid wires between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour, a distance of about 21 miles. Officially, this is considered to be the inaugural telegraph line in the country; it was the year 1853. The centenary celebrations were held in November 1963. Farther North, another line was laid between Agra and Calcutta in 1854. The year 1865 is a landmark in the history of the telegraph service because England and India were connected by this remarkable new system.
In 1859, a school was opened for the training of young men in telegraphy. Since the Morse Code was in English, a large number of Anglo-Indian and English-knowing Indians joined the telegraph service.
Morse Code which was used in the transmission of signals consists of dots and dashes in different combinations. For example, one dot and a dash represents the letter ‘A’ and two dots side by side represents the latter ‘I’, three dots represents the letter ‘S’ etc. This system became useful for transmission of telegrams quickly and to far away places.
The telegraph key/tapper consisted of a brass lever mounted on a wooden base and a receiver called the Duburn Sounder and it worked on electricity from a battery or power source connected to the apparatus. By the up and down movement of the key, the lever on the top of the sounder moves with a make and break in the circuit, thus the codes were used for transmission. The telegraphists were nick-named ‘Brass Beaters’ because they tapped the brass lever of the key in order to transmit the telegram.
The charges for the transmission of a telegram varied from time to time. Greeting telegrams were also introduced with various phrases for all occasions to help the public and the charges were reduced for these. It was also the quickest way to send death and congratulatory messages to friends and family.
On a personal note, I would like to mention here with immense pride that four of the members of my family (including myself) served the P&T Department (some members served between 1927 and 1996). My father James Rodrigues joined the postal service in 1928 as a clerk in the post office located in Halladakeri. He was paid Rs. 8 and later Rs. 10 as a monthly salary and later became a signaller with an increase of Rs. 2 after training. He was happy with the white collared job.
The transmission of telegrams was chiefly looked after by the Postal Wing for several decades. Later, the telegraph service was extended to large cities and Postal Department continued to look after the transmission and delivery of telegrams in smaller town post offices. In 1943-44, several postal clerks, signallers, telegraphists and jamedars volunteered their services during Word War II on the Burma front, Italy and Middle East.
Around 1950, the transmission of telegrams from the Head Post Office was taken over by the CTO Wing which became an independent wing after bifurcation and several smaller towns connected with Morse facility were joined to it. The main office began to expand and improve down the years. Teleprinters were gradually introduced in the department like ‘Siemens’ (German model), ‘Creed (British), ‘Olivitti’ (Italian) and finally ‘Hindustan’ teleprinters (Madras) to help in quick transmission of messages and even lenghty press messages without much strain.
Messages conveying ‘Death’, ‘Serious’ or ‘Start immediately’ followed by a reason of urgency were given top priority. Even press messages were given priority. Press correspondents who handed in their reports were of a very friendly nature, especially Krishna Vattam, who is known to me since several years, stands tall among them. The number of telegrams slowly increased due to several factories and business establishments that were on the rise and thus thousands of telegrams were handled everyday.
Talking in terms of the number of telegrams handled per day reminds me of the highest number of telegrams received and transmitted at CTO, Mysore, as I recall being on duty that day, was on the day of the marriage of Princess Gayathri Devi, which added to the already large number of regular marriage telegrams during the marriage season. Several thousands, both inland and foreign telegrams, used to be handled by the dedicated staff under the Superintendent in-charge.
However, with the introduction of computers, FAX etc., the entire Morse code lines were removed in January 1997, a year after I retired from service. At the turn of the millennium with the coming of other gadgets like the cell phone, with its SMS and the internet, with its e-mail sounded a death knell to the telegraph service. It is a great pity that this public service should come to an end, after having served in the Department for several years. I can only offer a ‘silent tear.’
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